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ESP32

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Networking

MPLS L2 VPN Configuration

MPLS L2 LAB In L2VPNs, the provider act as a transparent L2 switch, providing ports to the customer. E-Line is essentially a P2P circuit, where the customer does not engage in any routing with the...

What is Router

Router Technology What is Router & How Works A router is a networking device used to connect multiple networks and forward data from one network to another. It works at Layer 3 (Network Layer) of...

What is a Routing

Routing Technology What is Routing Routing is the process of selecting the best path for data to travel from one network to another network. When data is sent from a computer, mobile phone, or server...

Broadcast Domains

Broadcast Domains What is a broadcast domain In Ethernet LANs, a broadcast is one-to-all communication, which means that if a node sends a broadcast frame, everybody receives a copy of it. At the...

Collision Domain

Collision Domain To understand what a collision domain is, we have to look a little bit in the past when Ethernet LANs were built using devices like Hubs and Bridges. Ethernet LAN with Hubs Ethernet...

What is ARP

ARP Protocol ARP Role Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a very fundamental protocol in computer networking.  When a PC wants to send a message over the network, it has to encapsulate the data down...

OSPF Areas And LSA Types

OSPF Areas And LSA Types Quick Definition: Open the shortest path first (OSPF) areas to help break up your networks and routers and find the shortest and most efficient route from one location to...

LSA in OSPF

LSA in OSPF A router’s Link-State Database stores LSAs that are received (LSDB). The Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm is used by OSPF to determine the optimum routes for each network once the LSDBs...

LSA Types 1,2 and 3

LSA Types 1,2 and 3 OSPF learns the topology by exchanging link-state advertisements (LSAs). Engineers preparing for the CCNA exam are often intimidated by the LSA concept and either do not invest...

Fiber Optics FTTH

What is Fiber Optics

What is Fiber Optics Sir Charles Kao Kuen was a Chinese physicist and Nobel laureate who contributed to the development and use of fibre optics in telecommunications.  Fiber Optics or Optical Fiber is...

Port forwarding and mikrotik

What is Port forwarding and mikrotik Port Forwarding on MikroTik Port forwarding is a network configuration technique that directs incoming traffic on a specific port to a particular internal IP...

MikroTik L2TP/IPsec VPN Configuration

MikroTik L2TP/IPsec Remote VPN Configuration VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that provides a secure and encrypted tunnel across a public network and using this VPN tunnel a private...

What is Mikrotik

Mikrotik Router History MikroTik was established in 1996 by founders John Tully and Arnis Riekstiņš in Riga, Latvia, developing networking software for x86 PC hardware that would develop into a...

Configure Multiple ISP on Different VLAN

Configure multiple ISP on different VLAN ISP -1 Default VLAN / ISP -2 Default VLAN And Need VLAN Create 2525 For ISP 2 And Port Untag Mode And All 4 Pon Port Tag To 2525 VLAN BSNL Configuartion GPON...

FWDM,CWDM & DWDM

FWDM,CWDM & DWDM What is WDM? WDM (Wavelength department multiplexing) refers to a fiber-optic transmission approach that makes use of multiple optical wavelengths to transmit information in an...

What is EPON, GPON, and XGPON,XGS-PON

EPON,GPON,and XPON What is PON Technology? PON (Passive Optical Network) is a fiber-optic access network technology used to provide Internet, IPTV, and Voice (Triple Play) from a service provider to...

Optical Power Budget & Cable Deployment

Optical Power Budget & Cable Deployment Single-Mode Fiber (SMF): 850 nm: This wavelength is used in short-range applications like local area networks (LANs). It experiences higher loss compared...

What is Fiber Optic Splitter and Types

What is Fiber Optic Splitter and Types What is a Fiber Optic Splitter? Fiber optic splitter is a passive optical device used to distribute optical signals, which can divide input optical signals into...

Fiber Optics FTTH

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Firewall

Site To Site VPN

Site To Site VPN What is Site To Site VPN A Site-to-Site VPN is a type of Virtual Private Network that connects two or more separate office networks over the internet in a secure manner. It allows...

Remote Access VPN

Remote Access VPN What is Remote Access VPN A Remote Access VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a technology that allows a user to securely connect to a private network from a remote location using the...

What is VPN

VPN Technology History Of VPN History of VPN (Virtual Private Network) 1. Early Network Security (1990s)The concept of a VPN started in the 1990s when companies began connecting remote offices through...

What Is Enterprise Security

What Is Enterprise Security Enterprise Security refers to the strategies, technologies, and processes used to protect an organization’s entire IT infrastructure—including networks, systems...

What Is Cybersecurity

Cyber Security & Hacking Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting computers, networks, software, and data from digital attacks, damage, or unauthorized access. It involves using technologies...

Types of Cyber Attacks

Types of Cyber Attacks What Is A Cyber Attack? A cyber attack refers to an action designed to target a computer or any element of a computerized information system to change, destroy, or steal data...

What is Firewall

Firewall Technology History of Firewall The history of firewalls began in the late 1980s when computer networks started connecting to the internet and security threats became a concern. The first...

Check Point Firewall Certification

Check Point Certification Check Point Firewall Certification Check Point certifications are essential for IT professionals looking to validate their expertise in security management using Check Point...

What is Paloalto Network

What is Paloalto Network Palo Alto Networks was founded in 2005 by Israeli-American Nir Zuk, a former engineer from Check Point and NetScreen Technologies, and was the principal developer of the first...

Ubantu Linux Server

How to Install and Configure HAProxy on Ubuntu 22.04

Configure HAProxy on Ubuntu 22.04 What is HAProxy HAProxy also stands for High Availability Proxy is a free, open-source Load Balancer and proxying solution designed to simplify and secure modern...

Disk Management in Linux

Disk Management in Linux One of the most important parts of keeping a stable and optimized Linux system is effectively managing storage. As a system administrator, developer, or casual Linux user...

How to Enable and Use SSH on Ubuntu 22.04

How to Enable and Use SSH on Ubuntu 22.04 SSH (Secure Shell) is a cryptographic network protocol used for securely accessing and managing devices over an unsecured network, like the internet. It...

How To Install Nextcloud on Ubuntu 22.04

How To Install Nextcloud on Ubuntu 22.04 What is Nextcloud? Nextcloud advertises itself as a safe home for user data and documents. Developed with an open source philosophy in mind, Nextcloud provides...

How to Install MariaDB on Ubuntu 24.04

How to Install MariaDB on Ubuntu 24.04 Introduction MariaDB is an open-source relational database management system that works as a drop-in replacement for MySQL with improved reliability...

Install Apache Web Server Ubantu 24.04

Install and Configure Apache Ubantu Server 1. OverviewApache is an open source web server that’s available for Linux servers free of charge. In this tutorial we’ll be going through the steps of...
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April 28, 2026/

Switching Technology What is Network Switch A switch is a networking device used to connect multiple devices (such as Computers, Printers,Servers,...

April 25, 2026/

Interfaces What is a Firewall Interface LAN Interfaces VLAN Interfaces WAN Interfaces DMZ Interfaces Tunnel Interfaces Zone Interfaces HA Interfaces...

April 24, 2026/

SSL Deep Inspection & Intrusion Prevention SSL Deep Inspection SSL Deep Inspection is a firewall security feature that decrypts, inspects,...

April 24, 2026/

Application Control & DNS Filtering What is Application Control Application Control is a firewall security feature that identifies, monitors, and...

April 24, 2026/

File & Video Filtering What is File Filtering File filtering is a security feature of a firewall that controls, blocks,...

April 24, 2026/

Web Filtering & Content Filtering What is Web Filtering Policy Firewall Web Filter is a security feature used in enterprise...

April 24, 2026/

Cybersecurity Certification What is Cybersecurity Certifications Cybersecurity certifications are professional credentials that prove your knowledge and skills in protecting computers,...

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