April 1, 2026/
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What is a Protocol What is a Protocol? A protocol is a set of rules and standards that define how...
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VRRP Protocol VRRP is an open standard protocol, which is used to provide redundancy in a network. It is a network layer protocol (protocol number-112). The number of routers (group members) in a...
Cisco HSRP Protocol Introduction? Redundancy is a crucial component of every modern network. In this digital era, staying without a network for even a short time is hard. You should include some...
Hierarchical Networking Diagram Architecture Network Designing is a process of placing the network devices (currently in use or to be used in the future) in such a manner that it follows all the...
What is Server A server is a specialized computer or software system designed to provide services, resources, or data to other computers (known as clients) over a network. Servers are typically more...
Switching Technology Commnds Cisco Router & Switch Ether-Channel Router ...... int port-channel 1 no shutdown exit int fa0/0 channel-group 1 no shutdown exit int fa0/1 channel-group 1 no shutdown...
Layer-2 and Layer-3 Switches Difference Between Layer-2 and Layer-3 Switches Layer-2 Switch A Layer-2 switch works only with MAC addresses to forward frames inside the same network or VLAN. It is...
BGP Routing Protocol. BGP Description BGP Stand For – Border Gateway Protocol Path Vector Routing Protocol Classless Routing Protocol By-Defauelt Auto-Summary is Disabled Maximum Path – By-Defauelt-1...
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April 1, 2026/
ARP Protocol ARP Role Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a very fundamental protocol in computer networking. When a PC wants to send...
April 1, 2026/
OSPF Areas And LSA Types Quick Definition: Open the shortest path first (OSPF) areas to help break up your networks and...
April 1, 2026/
LSA in OSPF A router’s Link-State Database stores LSAs that are received (LSDB). The Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm is...
April 1, 2026/
LSA Types 1,2 and 3 OSPF learns the topology by exchanging link-state advertisements (LSAs). Engineers preparing for the CCNA exam...
March 31, 2026/
OSPF Network Types Why does OSPF need network types? Routers can be connected via various types of WAN services. Many...
March 31, 2026/
OSPF Metric – Cost OSPF Metric – Cost This lesson discusses how OSPF determines the best paths to destinations using...
March 31, 2026/
Configuring Single-Area OSPF network Lab Initial State We use the topology shown in the diagram below. Seven network devices are...
March 29, 2026/
OSPF Default Route What is a Default Route When a router receives an IP packet, it matches the destination IP...