VPLS Technology History of VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service) History of VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service)The development of VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service) is closely related to the evolution of…

MPLS L2 LAB In L2VPNs, the provider act as a transparent L2 switch, providing ports to the customer.E-Line is essentially a P2P circuit, where the customer does not engage in…

Router Technology What is Router & How Works A router is a networking device used to connect multiple networks and forward data from one network to another. It works at…

Routing Technology What is Routing Routing is the process of selecting the best path for data to travel from one network to another network. When data is sent from a…

Broadcast Domains What is a broadcast domainIn Ethernet LANs, a broadcast is one-to-all communication, which means that if a node sends a broadcast frame, everybody receives a copy of it. At the Ethernet…

Collision Domain To understand what a collision domain is, we have to look a little bit in the past when Ethernet LANs were built using devices like Hubs and Bridges.Ethernet…

ARP Protocol ARP Role Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a very fundamental protocol in computer networking.  When a PC wants to send a message over the network, it has to encapsulate the…

OSPF Areas And LSA Types Quick Definition: Open the shortest path first (OSPF) areas to help break up your networks and routers and find the shortest and most efficient route from…

LSA in OSPF A router’s Link-State Database stores LSAs that are received (LSDB). The Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm is used by OSPF to determine the optimum routes for each…

LSA Types 1,2 and 3 OSPF learns the topology by exchanging link-state advertisements (LSAs). Engineers preparing for the CCNA exam are often intimidated by the LSA concept and either do…